If found to be full check the following before even thinking about extending the logical volume.
The following command can be used to display the file in printable format.
cat /etc/security/failedlogin |/usr/sbin/acct/fwtmp
If the file is of substantial size print it, or other wise satisfy your self that tere is not an underlying problem before removing.
find / -xdev -ls|sort -nr +6
This list files in the root directory, with the largest files displayed first.
find / -xdev -mtime 30 -ls
This list files in the root directory, that have been modified in the last 30 days.
find / -xdev -ctime 30 -ls
This list files in the root directory, that have been created in the last 30 days.
If you find any large logfiles in this directory do not delete them. If the application that is/was using the file still has it open. deleting the file will remove the directory entery so that you can not see it but it will still be there ocupieing disk space and probabaly still growing!
So check if file is open.
With AIX 4.x the subdirectory /var/adm/ras is used as a save area
for system dumps
during system boot following a system crash.
fuser /var/tmp/named.run
This will return a list of one or more PID's if the file is open.
ps -fp 12345
Where 12345 is the PID returned from the previouse command will give you the
program that has the file open.
/var/adm
Used for system accounting files.
These should be cleared up automaticaly by the nightly accounting runs.
/var/spool
Queues of various sorts.
/var/spool/mail
Mail queue, if mail is properly configured and users are collecting their mail.
this should not occupie much space.
/var/spool/qdaemon
Local print jobs waiting to print
/var/spool/lpd
Inter machine print jobs.
/var/preserve
SAve are used by vi when an editor session is killed.
vmstat 1 10
Check for activity it the group of columns headed page. If machine has adequate memmory thease columns will contain mostly 0's, if many values over 10 are present a more indepth investigation of memmory usage is advised.
Check the group of columns headed faults, thease are not faults in the sence of problems. They are counts of how many times the processor has swiched from one program to another.
IN is the number of program switches that have occured due to an interupt. Usualy in the range 120-250. Higher values may be indicative of problems with a network, or serial wireing.
SY is a count of system calls this column is normaly less than 2000, high valuse often 20,000+ are indecative of rogue programs. The offending program may well show up on the PS command below.
In the group of columns headed cpu high values for wa indecate that the processor is having to wait for the disk system to catch up. This may be helped by spreading the i/o load across more drives, or controlers, or by adding more memmory. Have a look at the IOSTAT command below.
In the group of columns headed cpu high values for us and/or sy usualy indecate either a rogue program or excessive workload.
You may also run TOPAS if it is pressent on the system, this will display a contiuously updated overview of current system activity.
Another posibility is MONITOR which is available for most versions of AIX.
ps -eal|sort -nr +5|head
This lists current processes in order of decreacing
cpu usage.
The 6th column in the output of the above command
the indecates
the cpu usage of the process over the last few seconds.
The thirteenth column is the total CPU time used by the process, If you repeat this several times and one procces is persistantly near the top of the list and acounting for a significant amount of CPU time investigate that program.
iostat -d 10 20
This command gives 20 snapshots of disk activity at intervals of 10 seconds. First line is an average synce the system was started.
Idealy all drives should show similar valuse for %tm_act, and thease valuse should be less than 25%.
If the valuse for Kb_read are sygnificantly greater than thouse for Kb_write adding more memmory is likely to increase the cache hit rate and decrease disk accesses. Conversely spreading the accesses across more drives will help where there is a high level of disk writes.
acctcom
lsattr -El sys0
displays basic details on the curent system. The atribute realmem reflects the amount of memory the system could see when last rebooted.
The following formula gives a rough guide. It is based on a "typical" setup with :-
The command
lsps -a
will display curently available paging spaces.
How many paging areas should there be? This is open ended if more than one is available space will be alocated on a round-robin basis untill the smallest fills up.
lsvg $(lsvg -o)
will list a summery of volume groups and the free space in them. It also list PP_SIZE.
chps -s1 hd6
Will add 1 PP's worth of space to the paging area hd6.
Known to be used on MCA SCSI card shiped with 3xx/5xx
Built in interface on 220.
Used for Built in interface 43P-140, Fast wide PCI SCSI card{4A},
With 68way Wide SCSI internal cables, 16bit devices are supported, along with 8bit devices linked via 68/50 interposer partnumber 92F0324 (ASM P/N 92F2565)
The following list of checks is a good place to start.
last
command show the host name you expect.
If it shows an IP number or an unexpected
name you need to fix a problem with the
/etc/hosts
file or the setup of the DNS server.
/etc/exports
file and check that options are as expected!
if not use
smit nfs
to fix.
Usefull links
Where checks are neccessary the following table give a summery of levels and how to check. For a more definative listing see the IBM microcode link above.
| Model | Name | Firmware | Check method |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7024 | E20 | VIC97276 | Boot SMS"
|
| 7024 | E30 | ||
| 7025 | F40 | ||
| 7043-140 | 43P140 | TIG99187 | Boot SMS" |
| 7043-150 | 43P150 | TCP99187 | Boot SMS"
|
| 7043-240 | 43P240 | DOR98153 | Boot SMS" |
In general their are no problems with setting a system clock forward,
as this is its normal direction. Setting it back however will mean that
records in system logfiles used by commands such as
sar or last contain invaild or out of rage values
any such problems are normaly tempory and are cleared either on a reboot or
when the file are cleared by the normal accounting procedures.
It is obviously useless to be trying a Y2K rollover unless all known Y2K issues have been addressed first.
If you are experiencing probs due to line length, edit the group file to create dummy groups with the same GID, on the following lines of the groups file.
staff:!:1:moe,larry
staff2:!:1:shemp,curly
If you have allowed the line length to grow beyond that supported by the
editors available. the offending line may be choped out by carefull use of
the
head and tail commands.
having obtained the offending line on its own.
use awk to split out the member list and save as seperate file with one
member per line. Use the
head and tail commands.
to spit this in to blocks of 100 to 200 members, and reasemble.
ntpdate -s -t 4 -p 8 193.133.123.33 193.133.123.34
If customer has permanent access via Leased Line/Frame relay {Not ISDN} xntpd may be setup using the same IP addresses in server mode See FAQ
Note :- Command may be used from command line as root, from rc.tcpip {after network routing is working, or from cron. If working via ISDN each invocation will incure the cost of a phone call.
The examples below are for an IBM proprinter connected to a print server.
Queue name :- myqueue
printserver :- print2
Start in condenced print
/usr/lib/lpd/pio/etc/piochpq -q myqueue -d '@print2' -k '+'
Start in normal print
/usr/lib/lpd/pio/etc/piochpq -q myqueue -d '@print2' -k '-'
Start printing at 10 cpi
/usr/lib/lpd/pio/etc/piochpq -q myqueue -d '@print2' -p '10'
Start printing at 12 cpi
/usr/lib/lpd/pio/etc/piochpq -q myqueue -d '@print2' -p '12'
Start printing at 12 cpi fastfont
/usr/lib/lpd/pio/etc/piochpq -q myqueue -d '@print2' -q '0'
Start printing using draft mode
/usr/lib/lpd/pio/etc/piochpq -q myqueue -d '@print2' -q '1'
Start printing using NLQ mode
/usr/lib/lpd/pio/etc/piochpq -q myqueue -d '@print2' -q '2'
Start printing using NLQ2 mode
Any odd IP addresses that are not resolveable via DNS.
The file should be kept as short as posible as searching a long unindexed text
file is much slower than an indexed local DNS lookup.
For most of our customers creating the file /etc/netsvc.conf, containing the
line
If necesery this order can be overriden by initializing the environment
variable NSORDER this takes the same options.
Setting NSORDER to local only at the start of /etc/rc.net may speed system
startup, as rc.net is executed by cfgmgr during phase 2 of system startup,
as which point the other resolver options are not available, causing the
the startup process to wait for them to time out.
netsvc.conf is only read when starting a program changes will not affect programs that have already started.
Variouse options to do with how network is configured can be set by calling the
no command from rc.net.
Options available fall into to groups. Loadtime options that must be
set before the calls to configure the kernel extensions.
The other runtime options are usualy set at the bottom of rc.net, and can be
changed at any time form the command line.
The tcp transport layer accets data from an application for transport over
an open connection, this data is sent in blocks of upto size MTU.
the tcpsend buffer for a connection holds blocks that are waiting to i
be sent, or have been sent but not acknolaged.
The recieve buffer holds packets that have been received. For most purposes it makes sence to have the send and receive buffers the same size.
It is very important that the host names as provided by the client software
match the hostname listed by DNS. A major source of troubles can be that
many Windows PC aplications use the computer name of the PC from the
registry. And windows will let you enter any old junk including control
characters.
This can cause all sorts of problems ranging from errors during system backups
to name resolution problems.
statd records the status of any hosts it is or has been talking to,
in files stored in the directories.
If you suspect problems do a ls -b in these directories and check for
spurious control characters, and that the names are resolvable vi
host/nslookup to an IP and back from the IP to the same hostname.
After fixing problems delete all files in the directory /etc/sm.bak
then shutdown and restart. After restarting recheck periodicaly and
repeate this fix as necesary.
/usr/lib/lpd/pio/etc/piochpq -q myqueue -d '@print2' -q '3'
Tuning network settings
The network protocols themselves can be "tuned" for a veriety of purposes.
In general it is not worth investing a lot of effort in network tuning as
optimizing for one usage pattern will usualy make it worse for another.
/etc/hosts
The file /etc/hosts should contain as a minimum,
an entery for the loopback interface.
127.0.0.1 loopback localhost
Enteries for the primary IP address of each network card.
These should be in the form
IP full.domain.name nickname
Enteris for any additional IP addresses to be configured on the network
interfaces by use of the ifconfig command.
/etc/netsvc.conf
The default order for resolving hostnames is
host=local,bind
or for AIX 4.3 customers
host=local,bind4
Will be benificial.
export NSORDER=local
/etc/rc.net
This script is executed during phase 2 of system startup by cfgmgr.
/usr/lib/methods/definet >>$LOGFILE 2>&1
/usr/lib/methods/cfginet >>$LOGFILE 2>&1
###################################################
# The socket default buffer size (initial advertized TCP window) is being
# set to a default value of 16k (16384). This improves the performance
# for ethernet and token ring networks. Networks with lower bandwidth
# such as SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) and X.25 or higher bandwidth
# such as Serial Optical Link and FDDI would have a different optimum
# buffer size.
# ( OPTIMUM WINDOW = Bandwidth * Round Trip Time )
###################################################
if [ -f /usr/sbin/no ] ; then
/usr/sbin/no -o tcp_sendspace=16384
/usr/sbin/no -o tcp_recvspace=16384
fi
##################################################################
# Disable pmtu discovery as this can cause spurious calls
# on ISDN dialup links.
##################################################################
if [ -f /usr/sbin/no ] ; then
/usr/sbin/no -o udp_pmtu_discover=0
/usr/sbin/no -o tcp_pmtu_discover=0
fi
/etc/rc.tcpip
Executed from inittab during final phase of system startup.
This script configures all of the network services.
Generaly it is better to configure these trough smit rather than edit the
file directly.
NFS settings and status
If you are using NFS or any other system resorces that make use of the
services of the Berkley statd daemon.
diagnostic commands
File Permisions
File Permisions